HPV Genotype Switching: In A Nutshell

Human Papilloma Virus is a nonenveloped, double stranded DNA virus and one of the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. There are more than 200 HPV genotypes identified. About 30 of them that cause genital tract infections and there is much research on their association to cervical cancer.

The presence of multiple genotypes and the potential of coinfection by distinct genotypes have raised a number of new considerations. In clinical practice, it is frequently noted that the number and genotype of HPV identified can change in the same person during follow up visits. However, whether this switching process occurs due to random HPV infection or viral molecular interactions is still in queue for thorough investigation. Whether is it a normal phenomenon with HPV infection? Their are many reasons behind genotype switching and a definite correlation with cervical cancer.

Numerous epidemiological studies recognized the high pathogenicity of multiple HPV infections, indicating that infections with multiple high-risk HPV are linked to the development of persistent low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in the cervix.

Furthermore, some research suggests that patients with cervical infections are more likely to have single genotype infections, whereas those with multiple infections are more likely to identify pathological outcomes of precancerous lesions. Patients who showed transition from having multiple HPV infections to having single HPV infection may be an indication for unfavourable progression of cervical lesions.

The majority of HPV infections resolve on their own within two years, but persistent infections can result to a variety of illnesses from malignancy to genital warts. Considering the severity of HPV infections, we should focus on improvising triage, treatment and follow-up for infected individuals that may result in early identification of high-risk HPV strains.

Better prevention and management strategies for cervical cancer would be made easier with an awareness of the genotype-specific characteristics of HPV infection. Understanding genotype switching's hidden role can help with HPV management and policy initiatives, which are a global public health concern.

References

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